SIGNIFICANCE OF FINGERPRINT TECHNIQUES IN CONDUCTING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN ARMY CORPS OF MILITARY POLICE

Abstract

Globally, criminal investigation has progressively shifted from traditional practices such as reliance on confessions, informants, and eyewitness accounts to forensic techniques that enhance objectivity, reliability, and evidentiary integrity. Thus, this study examined the significance of fingerprint techniques in the criminal justice system, within criminal investigation activities conducted by the Nigerian Army Corps of Military Police (NACMP). The study adopted a longitudinal survey research design from 2020 to 2025.A sample size of 346 was selected using Kregel's and Morgan's sample determination table. A total of 300 questionnaires and 46 in-depth interviews were conducted on the selected respondents. Of the 300 questionnaires distributed, 295 were successfully retrieved (a retrieval rate of 98.3%) and deemed suitable for analysis and interpretation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were transcribed and thematically analysed in line with the study objectives. The findings revealed a strong relationship between fingerprint techniques and effective criminal investigation within the NACMP, in identifying suspects and exonerating innocent persons through the uniqueness of fingerprint evidence. The study found that the NACMP has made notable efforts to integrate fingerprint techniques, including establishing two forensic laboratories, procuring fingerprint equipment, and implementing capacity-building initiatives. Despite these efforts, the use of fingerprint techniques remains at a developmental stage. The study recommended the establishment and equipping of additional forensic laboratories across NACMP provost divisions and commands, as well as advanced specialised training for forensic personnel, and inter-departmental sharing of relevant personnel databases.